AO Spine Course—Advanced MISS Techniques (With Human Anatomical Specimens)

The spine section of AO Surgery Reference covers different conditions of the spine.

The modules cover the following topics:

• Patient examination
• Clinical, neurological, and radiological evaluation
• Patient preparation and positioning
• Approaches
• Description of spinal conditions and injuries
• Classification
• Indications for treatment selection
• Nonoperative and operative treatment options
• Postoperative treatment

Some sections like All approaches, All preparations, or Basic techniques offer step-by-step descriptions of approaches, positioning and preparation, and insertion of a pedicle screw respectively.

Below are some AO Surgery Reference links to mainly degenerative lumbar Spine treatment options which are relevant to the AO Spine Course Advanced MISS Techniques, particularly the topics MISS TLIF, LLIF, ALIF, and Endoscopy.

• MISS Transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) for Lumbar spinal stenosis
• Prone position for MISS Transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF)
• Percutaneous posterior approach for pedicle screw placement

• Lateral lumbar interbody fusion (LLIF) for Degenerative spondylolisthesis
• Lateral decubitus position for Lateral lumbar interbody fusion (LLIF)
• Minimally invasive transpsoas approach (L2–L4)

• Supine position for Anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF)
• Retroperitoneal approach for Anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF)
• Anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF) for Degenerative spondylolisthesis

• Transforaminal endoscopic lumbar discectomy (TELD) for Lumbar disc herniation – foraminal and extraforaminal
• Interlaminar endoscopic lumbar discectomy (IELD) for Lumbar disc herniation – central and posterolateral