Region III: C2 and C2–C3 joint - Type C: Translation injury

All displaced fractures

Advantage

• No posterior soft-tissue dissection

Disadvantage

• Might be difficult to reduce some types of fractures from anterior

All displaced fractures

Contraindication

• Aberrant vertrebral artery

Advantage

• Immediate stability

Disadvantage

• Restriction of motion

When C2–C3 fusion is technically not feasible

Disadvantage

• Further restriction of motion