Authors of section

Author

Cumhur Oner, Ronald Lehman, Daniel Riew, Klaus Schnake

General Editor

Luiz Vialle

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Occipitocervical trauma

Occipitocervical trauma

AO Spine upper cervical injuries classification system

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

The classification system described here exists in order to provide surgeons from different institutions with a common language to discuss various injuries. It provides consistency in injury diagnosis and treatment.

The classification system described here exists in order to provide surgeons from different institutions with a common language to discuss various injuries. It provides consistency in injury diagnosis and treatment.

Patient examination: clinical evaluation

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

The primary survey consists of the ABCDE scheme. This means that Airway, Breathing, Cardiovascular Status, Disability, Exposure and Environmental Control are checked.

The primary survey consists of the ABCDE scheme. This means that Airway, Breathing, Cardiovascular Status, Disability, Exposure and Environmental Control are checked.

patient examination  clinical evaluation

Patient examination: neurological evaluation

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Knowledge of spinal cord anatomy is crucial for the interpretation of the results of the physical examination.

Knowledge of spinal cord anatomy is crucial for the interpretation of the results of the physical examination.

patient examination neurological evaluation

Patient examination: radiological evaluation (XR, CT, MRI)

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Radiological evaluation of an injured spine includes plain radiographs, Computerized tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scans.

Radiological evaluation of an injured spine includes plain radiographs, Computerized tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scans.

patient examination radiological evaluation xr ct mri