New modules – Spine degenerative

The first edition was created by Massimo Balsano (Italy), Roger Härtl (USA), and Ibrahim Hussain (USA), with Luiz Vialle (Brazil) as editor.

The degenerative cervical and lumbar spine modules are based on current clinical principles, practices, and available evidence, and support spine surgeons’ day-to-day treatment, planning, learning, and teaching.

The authors of these modules are leaders in minimally invasive spine surgery (MISS) technology and have put all their expertise into producing step-by-step guides to minimally invasive surgery using video endoscopy, tubular surgery, and TLIF.

Visit the entry page for these modules here!

The new cervical module details treatments for disc herniation.

Additionally, the module offers definitions and treatment indications.

The module addresses:

• Patient positioning
• Patient evaluation

The new cervical module details treatments for disc herniation (central and posterolateral, and foraminal and extraforaminal), lumbar spinal stenosis, and degenerative spondylolisthesis.

Additionally, the module offers definitions, treatment indications, and basic techniques.

The module addresses:

• Approaches
• Patient positioning
• Patient evaluation

The Degenerative cervical spine module includes a detailed description of the following condition and its management.

Disc herniation:

• Posterior microscopic tubular cervical foraminotomy (PMTCF)
• Posterior endoscopic cervical foraminotomy (PECF)

Patient preparation:

• Prone position for approaches to C0–C7

Further reading:

• Patient evaluation

The Degenerative lumbar spine module includes a detailed description of the following conditions and their management.

Disc herniation – Central and posterolateral:

• Interlaminar microscopic tubular lumbar discectomy (IMTLD)
• Interlaminar endoscopic lumbar discectomy (IELD)

Disc herniation – Foraminal and extraforaminal:

• Transforaminal endoscopic lumbar discectomy (TELD)
• Extraforaminal microscopic tubular lumbar discectomy (EMTLD)
• Extraforaminal endoscopic lumbar discectomy (EELD)

Lumbar spinal stenosis:

• Microscopic tubular unilateral laminotomy for bilateral decompression (MT-ULBD)
• Lumbar endoscopic unilateral laminotomy for bilateral decompression (LE-ULBD)
• MISS Transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF)

Degenerative spondylolisthesis:

• MISS Transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF)
• MISS Lateral lumbar interbody fusion (LLIF)
• MISS Anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF)

Approaches:

• Minimally invasive transpsoas approach (L2–L4)
• Retroperitoneal approach for Anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF)

Patient preparations:

• Prone position for MISS Transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF)
• Prone position for approaches to L1–L5
• Supine position for Anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF)
• Lateral decubitus position for Lateral lumbar interbody fusion (LLIF)

Further reading:

• Patient evaluation

Basic techniques:

• Percutaneous posterior approach for pedicle screw placement
• Pedicle screw insertion in the thoracolumbar spine