Lateral approach to the malleoli
The longitudinal lateral incision is the standard approach for most lateral fractures.
The longitudinal lateral incision is the standard approach for most lateral fractures.
Medial approach (anterior) to the malleoli
The standard medial incision runs posterior to the medial malleolus. The saphenous vein and nerve must be protected.
The standard medial incision runs posterior to the medial malleolus. The saphenous vein and nerve must be protected.
Posterolateral approach to the Volkmann fragment in the malleoli
This approach gives direct access to the Volkmann fragment.
It also allows fixation of the fibular fracture, with a plate placed on the posterior surface.
This approach gives direct access to the Volkmann fragment.
It also allows fixation of the fibular fracture, with a plate placed on the posterior surface.
Lateral approach to the malleoli for high fibular fractures
This approach is standard for most high fibular fractures.
This approach is standard for most high fibular fractures.
Safe zones in the malleoli for anterior approach
Safe zones for percutaneous anterior screw insertion
Safe zones for percutaneous anterior screw insertion
Posteromedial approach to the malleoli
This approach is indicated in cases of posterior comminution and/or a posterior extension of a medial malleolar fracture.
This approach is indicated in cases of posterior comminution and/or a posterior extension of a medial malleolar fracture.
Safe zones in the malleoli for percutaneous instrumentation
Inserting percutaneous instrumentation such as pins or transfixion wires through safe zones reduces the risk of damage to neurovascular structures.
Inserting percutaneous instrumentation such as pins or transfixion wires through safe zones reduces the risk of damage to neurovascular structures.
