Release notes for CMF Midface second edition
Second edition
Publication of second edition (August 14, 2025)
The content was authored by Daniel Borsuk (CA), Juan Carlos Orellana Tosi (EC), and Gulraiz Zulfiqar (PK). The executive editor was Paul Manson (US). Daniel Buchbinder (US) was the general editor.
Table of contents
The second edition of the CMF Midface module includes a detailed description of the following fracture types and their management.
Palatoalveolar fracture, simple:
- Observation
- Closed treatment
- ORIF
Palatoalveolar fracture, comminuted:
- Observation
- Closed treatment
- ORIF
Le Fort I fracture, simple:
- Observation
- Closed treatment
- ORIF
Le Fort I fracture, unilateral comminution:
- Closed treatment
- ORIF
Le Fort I fracture, bilateral comminution:
- ORIF
Le Fort I fracture, edentulous patients:
- Observation
- ORIF
Le Fort II fracture:
- Observation
- Closed treatment
- ORIF
Le Fort III fracture:
- Observation
- Closed treatment
- ORIF
NOE Type I fracture:
- Observation
- ORIF
NOE Type II fracture:
- ORIF
NOE Type III fracture:
- ORIF
Nasal bone fracture:
- Observation
- Closed reduction
- Open reduction
- Septorhinoplasty
- Nasal septal hematoma drainage
Orbital floor fracture:
- Observation
- Open reduction with or without internal fixation
- Reconstruction
- Reconstruction, CAS: Intraoperative imaging
- Reconstruction, CAS: Virtual planning and intraoperative navigation
Medial orbital wall fracture:
- Observation
- Reconstruction
Orbital roof fracture:
- Observation
- Open treatment
Orbit, combined fractures:
- Observation
- Reconstruction
Zygoma, isolated zygomatic arch fracture:
- Closed treatment
- Open reduction with fixation
Zygoma, zygomatic complex fracture:
- Minimally-invasive (semi-closed) treatment
- ORIF 1-point fixation (without orbital reconstruction)
- ORIF 2-point fixation (without orbital reconstruction)
- ORIF 3-point fixation (without orbital reconstruction)
- ORIF 3-point fixation (with orbital reconstruction
- ORIF 4-point fixation (with orbital reconstruction)
Additional material
The following additional material is available for this module.
Approaches:
- Coronal approach
- Glabellar approach
- Approaches to the superolateral orbital rim
- Extended glabellar approach (horizontal Y approach)
- Transcutaneous lower eyelid approaches
- Transconjunctival approaches
- Pre-/Transcaruncular approach
- Indirect approaches to the zygomatic arch (temporal and transoral approaches)
- Preauricular approach
- External rhinoplasty approach (open)
- Endonasal approaches (transfixion incision and intercartilaginous incisions)
- Approaches to the maxilla
- Adjunctive access procedures (orbitotomies)
- Use of existing lacerations
- Approaches not generally recommended
Further reading:
- Introduction to midfacial injuries
- Emergency treatment
- Airway considerations
- Examination of patients with midfacial injuries
- Examination of patients with nasal bone fractures
- Examination of patients with NOE fractures
- Retrobulbar hemorrhage
- Adjunctive access procedures (orbitotomies)
- Choice of implants
- Repair of periorbital soft-tissue injuries and lacrimal system in NOE injuries
- AOCMF Classification Midface (Level 1 and 2)
- Classification of nasal bone fractures
- Panfacial fractures (sequencing of repair)
- Recommended literature - midface
Computer Assisted Surgery (CAS)
- An introduction to computer assisted surgery
- Intraoperative navigation: cone beam vs fan beam
- Intraoperative navigation: operating room setup
- Preparation for intraoperative navigation
- CAS: virtual planning and intraoperative navigation – Gunshots
- CAS: intraoperative imaging in closed treatment
- CAS: virtual planning and intraoperative imaging (ORIF without orbital reconstruction)
- CAS: virtual planning and intraoperative imaging (ORIF with orbital reconstruction)
- CAS: virtual planning and intraoperative navigation (ORIF with orbital reconstruction)
