Release notes - Dog distal tibia and malleoli

The module on this anatomical area has been authored by Sarah Malek (USA) and Mark Rochat (USA). Amy Kapatkin (USA) acted as editor.

The dog distal tibia and malleoli module includes pages on:

• Fracture diagnosis
• Approaches to the distal tibia and malleoli
• Positioning
• Complications
• Wide selection of fracture fixation techniques tailored to the specific fracture types

Around 300 original illustrations accompany the step-by-step descriptions of the various fixation techniques and approaches.

To help identify the fractures, x-rays of most fracture types have been included in the diagnosis section, and the fixation techniques have been enriched with case examples with pre- and postoperative, and follow-up x-rays.

This module is exclusively for AO VET members only.

Go to the module entry page.

The dog distal tibial and malleolar material includes a detailed description of the following fracture types and fixation methods.

43-A1 Simple extraarticular fracture of the distal tibia:

• Cross pinning
• Cross pinning with tension band fixation
• Interlocking nail fixation
• Medial plating
• Hybrid external skeletal fixation

43-A2 Extraarticular wedge fracture of the distal tibia:

• Neutralization plating (plate and lag screw)
• Hybrid external skeletal fixation

43-A3 Complex extraarticular fracture of the distal tibia:

• Hybrid external skeletal fixation
• Plate fixation (pantarsal arthrodesis)
• Transarticular external skeletal fixation (pantarsal arthrodesis)

43-B1 Lateral malleolar fracture:

• Pin and tension band fixation
• Screw fixation of the lateral malleolus

43-B2 Medial malleolar fracture:

• Pin and tension band fixation
• Screw fixation of the medial malleolus

43-B3 Multimalleolar fracture:

• Pin and tension band fixation
• Screw fixation of the medial and lateral malleoli

43-C1 Simple complete articular, simple metaphyseal fracture of the distal tibia:

• Pins and tension band with lag screw fixation
• Medial plating with lag screw fixation

43-C2 Simple complete articular, multifragmentary metaphyseal fracture of the distal tibia:

• Plate fixation (pantarsal arthrodesis)
• Transarticular external skeletal fixation (pantarsal arthrodesis)

43-C3 Multifragmentary articular fracture of the distal tibia:

• Plate fixation (pantarsal arthrodesis)
• Transarticular external skeletal fixation (pantarsal arthrodesis)

In addition, the material contains information about the following:

• Diagnosing each fracture type
• Indications for all treatments
• Dorsal recumbency positioning
• Medial, lateral, and minimally invasive approaches to the distal tibia
• Basic techniques for lag screw fixation and plate preparation, and general considerations on external skeletal fixators