31-M/3.1 I   Complete midcervical, simple

The morphology of this fracture is a simple, complete midcervical fracture. Depending on the initial displacement, the thick periosteum can be partially or fully ruptured. The risk of avascular necrosis (AVN) is proportional to energy and displacement.

Note: Closed management can cause entrapment or rupture of the retinacula and their vessels. This may contribute to AVN.