Extraarticular fracture, avulsion of tibial spine or capsular attachments
Avulsion of the tibial spine
These are fractures of the proximal fibula, produced by an avulsion (traction) mechanism. The pathology is similar to a rupture of the collateral ligament.
Avulsion of fibular head can indicate several ligamental injuries (besides LCL, the insertion of biceps femoris and the fibula-popliteal lig.may also be avulsed).
Avulsion of capsular attachment
Avulsions of the capsular attachments are classified as AO/OTA 41A1.1 fractures.
