References
1. Classic references
- Neer CS 2nd. Displaced proximal humeral fractures. I. Classification and evaluation. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1970 Sep;52(6):1077–1089.
2. Review references
- George M, Khazzam M, Chin P, et al. Reverse shoulder arthroplasty for the treatment of proximal humeral fractures. JBJS Rev. 2014:2(10).
- Jawa A, Burnikel D. Treatment of proximal humeral fractures—a critical analysis review. JBJS Rev. 2016 Jan;4 (1).
- McAnany S, Parsons B. Treatment of proximal humeral fractures. JBJS Rev. 2014 Apr 29;2(4).
- Resch H. Proximal humeral fractures: current controversies. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2011 Jul;20(5):827–832.
- Schliemann B, Wähnert D, Theisen C, et al. How to enhance the stability of locking plate fixation of proximal humerus fractures? An overview of current biomechanical and clinical data. Injury. 2015 Jul;46(7):1207–1214.
3. Further references
- Calvo E , Morcillo D, Foruria AM, et al. Nondisplaced proximal humeral fractures: high incidence among outpatient-treated osteoporotic fractures and severe impact on upper extremity function and patient subjective health perception. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2011;20(5):795–801.
- Court-Brown CM, Garg A, McQueen MM. The epidemiology of proximal humeral fractures. Acta Orthop Scand. 2001 Aug;72(4):365–371.
- Dietz SO, Hartmann F, Schwarz T, et al. Retrograde nailing versus locking plate osteosynthesis of proximal humeral fractures: a biomechanical study. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2012 May;21(5):618–624.
- Foruria AM, de Gracia MM, Larson DR, et al. The pattern of the fracture and displacement of the fragments predict the outcome in proximal humeral fractures. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2011 Mar;93(3):378–386.
- Gardner MJ, Weil Y, Barker JU, et al. The importance of medial support in locked plating of proximal humerus fractures. J Orthop Trauma. 2007 Mar;21(3):185–191.
- Gerber C, Schneeberger AG, Vinh TS. The arterial vascularization of the humeral head. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1990 Dec;72(10):1486–1494.
- Hauschild O, Konrad G, Audige L, et al. Operative versus non-operative treatment for two-part surgical neck fractures of the proximal humerus. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2013 Oct;133(10):1385–1393.
- Hertel R, Hempfing A, Stiehler M, et al. Predictors of humeral head ischemia after intracapsular fracture of the proximal humerus. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2004 Jul-Aug;13(4):427–433.
- Hettrich CM, Boraiah S, Dyke JP, et al. Quantitative assessment of the vascularity of the proximal part of the humerus. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2010 Apr;92(4):943–948.
- Iyengar JJ, Devcic Z, Sproul RC, et al. Nonoperative treatment of proximal humerus fractures: a systematic review. J Orthop Trauma. 2011 Oct;25(10):612– 617.
- Jost B, Spross C, Grehn H, et al. Locking plate fixation of fractures of the proximal humerus: analysis of complications, revision strategies and outcome. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2013 Apr;22(4):542–549.
- Kralinger F, Blauth M, Goldhahn J, et al. The influence of local bone density on the outcome of one hundred and fifty proximal humeral fractures treated with a locking plate. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2014 Jun 18;96(12):1026–1032.
- Lu Y, Jiang C, Zhu Y, et al. Delayed ORIF of proximal humerus fractures at a minimum of 3 weeks from injury: a functional outcome study. Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol. 2014 Jul;24(5):715–721.
- Menendez ME, Ring D. Does the timing of surgery for proximal humeral fracture affect inpatient outcomes? J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2014 Sep;23(9):1257–1262.
- Olerud P, Ahrengart L, Ponzer S, et al. Internal fixation versus nonoperative treatment of displaced 3-part proximal humeral fractures in elderly patients: a randomized controlled trial. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2011 Jul;20(5):747–755.
- Petrigliano FA, Bezrukov N, Gamradt SC, et al. Factors predicting complication and reoperation rates following surgical fixation of proximal humeral fractures. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2014 Sep 17;96(18):1544–1551.
- Sanders RJ, Thissen LG, Teepen JC, et al. Locking plate versus nonsurgical treatment for proximal humeral fractures: better midterm outcome with nonsurgical treatment. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2011 Oct;20(7):1118–1124.
- Sebastiá-Forcada E, Cebrián-Gómez R, Lizaur-Utrilla A, et al. Reverse shoulder arthroplasty versus hemiarthroplasty for acute proximal humeral fractures. A blinded, randomized, controlled, prospective study. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2014 Oct;23(10):1419–1426.
- Sohn HS, Shin SJ. Minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis for proximal humeral fractures: clinical and radiologic outcomes according to fracture type. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2014 Sep;23(9):1334–1340.
- Sproul RC, Iyengar JJ, Devcic Z, et al. A systematic review of locking plate fixation of proximal humerus fractures. Injury. 2011 Apr;42(4):408–413.
- Südkamp N, Bayer J, Hepp P, et al. Open reduction and internal fixation of proximal humeral fractures with use of the locking proximal humerus plate. Results of a prospective, multicenter, observational study. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2009 Jun;91(6):1320–1328.
