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Authors of section

Authors

Theerachai Apivatthakakul, Jong-Keon Oh

Executive Editor

Michael Baumgaertner

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Multifragmentary pertrochanteric fractures with incompetent lateral wall

 
 
 
 
 

These fractures are considered unstable due to loss of the lesser trochanter important for weight transfer and loss of greater trochanter, allowing for collapse of the fracture and foreshortening of the neck.

Therefore, extramedullary devices are considered a second choice for fixation. They lack the necessary stability to ensure union in a satisfactory position of all the fragments.

Elderly patients will not mobilize easily with restricted weight bearing. Therefore, procedures allowing for immediate weight bearing as tolerated with walking aids should be selected whenever possible.

In case of symptomatic hip arthritis, total hip arthroplasty may be considered.

These fractures are considered unstable due to loss of the lesser trochanter important for weight transfer and loss of greater trochanter, allowing for collapse of the fracture and foreshortening of the neck.

Therefore, extramedullary devices are considered a second choice for fixation. They lack the necessary stability to ensure union in a satisfactory position of all the fragments.

Elderly patients will not mobilize easily with restricted weight bearing. Therefore, procedures allowing for immediate weight bearing as tolerated with walking aids should be selected whenever possible.

In case of symptomatic hip arthritis, total hip arthroplasty may be considered.

Fracture management with minimal resources

Main indications

 
 
 

Implants not available, missing infrastructure for surgical intervention, first aid

Disadvantages

  • Prolonged bed rest
  • Deformity
  • Weakness

Implants not available, missing infrastructure for surgical intervention, first aid

Disadvantages

  • Prolonged bed rest
  • Deformity
  • Weakness

Nonoperative treatment

Main indications

 
 
 

Patient not fit for surgery

Disadvantages

  • Prolonged bed rest
  • Deformity
  • Weakness

Patient not fit for surgery

Disadvantages

  • Prolonged bed rest
  • Deformity
  • Weakness

Sliding hip screw with trochanter stabilization plate

Main indications

 
 
 

Risk for intraoperative fracture of lateral femoral wall

A DHS alone has a high risk of postoperative lateral wall fracture and should only be applied with a TSP.

Contraindication

  • More than one intermediate fragment

Advantage

  • Fracture site left untouched

Disadvantages

  • May not be sufficiently stable to allow weight bearing as tolerated with walking aids
  • More prominent hardware; may need removal for pain
  • Challenging application of sliding hip screw
  • Risk of secondary displacement

Risk for intraoperative fracture of lateral femoral wall

A DHS alone has a high risk of postoperative lateral wall fracture and should only be applied with a TSP.

Contraindication

  • More than one intermediate fragment

Advantage

  • Fracture site left untouched

Disadvantages

  • May not be sufficiently stable to allow weight bearing as tolerated with walking aids
  • More prominent hardware; may need removal for pain
  • Challenging application of sliding hip screw
  • Risk of secondary displacement

Nailing

Main indications

 
 
 

Treatment of choice, fracture instability

Further indication

  • Additional ipsilateral femoral shaft fracture

Contraindication

  • Bone deformity or previous surgery that prevents nailing

Advantages

  • Restoration of intramedullary strut (reduces risk of secondary displacement)
  • Fracture site left untouched
  • Small incision

Disadvantages

  • Definite learning curve to avoid technical missteps
  • Risk for varus or fish-mouth open deformity during nail insertion

Treatment of choice, fracture instability

Further indication

  • Additional ipsilateral femoral shaft fracture

Contraindication

  • Bone deformity or previous surgery that prevents nailing

Advantages

  • Restoration of intramedullary strut (reduces risk of secondary displacement)
  • Fracture site left untouched
  • Small incision

Disadvantages

  • Definite learning curve to avoid technical missteps
  • Risk for varus or fish-mouth open deformity during nail insertion