References
1. Classic references
- Insall J. Current concepts review: patellar pain. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1982 Jan;64(1):147–152.
2. Review references
- Carpenter JE, Kasman R, Matthews LS. Fractures of the patella. Instr Course Lect. 1994;43 :97–108.
- Melvin JS, Mehta S. Patellar fractures in adults. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2011 Apr; 19(4):198–207.
- Matava MJ. Patellar tendon ruptures. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 1996 Nov;4(6):287–296.
- Sayum Filho J, Lenza M, Teixeira de Carvalho R, et al. Interventions for treating fractures of the patella in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015 Feb 27;2:CD009651.
3. Further references
- Quenu E. Traitement opératoire des ruptures sous-rotuliennes du quadriceps. Rev Chir. 1905(31):169–194. (In French)
- Gallie WE, Lemesurier AB. The late repair of fractures of the patella and of rupture of the ligamentum patellae and quadriceps tendon. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1927(9):47–54.
- Boström A. Fracture of the patella: a study of 422 patellar fractures. Acta Orthop Scand Suppl. 1972(143):1–80.
- Huberti HH, Hayes WC, Stone JL, et al. Force ratios in the quadriceps tendon and ligamentum patellae. J Orthop Res. 1984;2(1):49–54.
- Carson WG Jr, James SL, Larson RL, et al. Patellofemoral disorders: physical and radiographic evaluation. Part II: radiographic examination. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1984 May;(185):178–186.
- Green WT Jr. Painful bipartite patellae: a report of three cases. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1975 Jul–Aug;(110):197–200.
- Yang KH, Byun YS. Separate vertical wiring for the fixation of comminuted fractures of the inferior pole of the patella. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2003 Nov;85(8):1155–1160.
- Böstman O, Kiviluoto O, Nirhamo J. Comminuted displaced fractures of the patella. Injury. 1981 Nov;13(3):196–202.
- Veselko M, Kastelec M. Inferior patellar pole avulsion fractures: osteosynthesis compared with pole resection: surgical technique. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2005 Mar;87 Suppl 1(Pt 1):113–121.
- Gardner MJ, Griffith MH, Lawrence BD, et al. Complete exposure of the articular surface for fixation of patellar fractures. J Orthop Trauma. 2005 Feb;19(2):118–123.
- Grogan DP, Carey TP, Leffers D, et al. Avulsion fractures of the patella. J Pediatr Orthop. 1990 Nov–Dec;10(6):721–730.
- Cramer KE, Moed BR. Patellar ractures: contemporary approach to treatment. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 1997 Nov;5(6):323–331.
- Lazaro LE, Wellman DS, Sauro G, et al. Outcomes after operative fixation of complete articular patellar fractures: assessment of functional impairment. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2013 Jul 17;95(14):e96 1–8.
