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Articular fracture of the distal end segment

 
 
 
 
 

Articular fractures of the metacarpal head can usually be treated with screw fixation but require experience. If the articular fragments are sufficiently large, condylar plate fixation is an option.

In simple fractures, if stable after reduction, treatment with a dorsal splint in functional hand position may be possible.

Even if there is a high risk of nonunion or posttraumatic arthritis, ORIF should be considered with arthroplasty or arthrodesis as a salvage procedure.

Fracture-dislocations can be easily missed. Soft-tissue interposition in displaced fractures can interfere with closed reduction.

Articular fractures of the metacarpal head can usually be treated with screw fixation but require experience. If the articular fragments are sufficiently large, condylar plate fixation is an option.

In simple fractures, if stable after reduction, treatment with a dorsal splint in functional hand position may be possible.

Even if there is a high risk of nonunion or posttraumatic arthritis, ORIF should be considered with arthroplasty or arthrodesis as a salvage procedure.

Fracture-dislocations can be easily missed. Soft-tissue interposition in displaced fractures can interfere with closed reduction.

Closed reduction - Splinting

Main indications

 
 
 

Simple fracture stable after reduction

Contraindications

  • Soft-tissue problems
  • Noncompliant patient
  • Angulation >30°
  • Shortening >5 mm

Disadvantages

  • Risk of redisplacement
  • Delayed return to work (depending on stability)

Simple fracture stable after reduction

Contraindications

  • Soft-tissue problems
  • Noncompliant patient
  • Angulation >30°
  • Shortening >5 mm

Disadvantages

  • Risk of redisplacement
  • Delayed return to work (depending on stability)

Collateral-ligament reattachment

Main indications

 
 
 

Unstable avulsion fracture, small articular fragment

Unstable avulsion fracture, small articular fragment

Lag-screw fixation

Main indications

 
 
 

Partial articular fracture with large fragment and articular incongruity

Contraindications

  • Extensive joint surface damage, nonreconstructible

Advantages

  • Less invasive
  • Anatomical reconstruction
  • Early active motion

Disadvantages

  • Risk of avascular necrosis
  • Arthrosis

Partial articular fracture with large fragment and articular incongruity

Contraindications

  • Extensive joint surface damage, nonreconstructible

Advantages

  • Less invasive
  • Anatomical reconstruction
  • Early active motion

Disadvantages

  • Risk of avascular necrosis
  • Arthrosis

Screw fixation (with/without arthroscopic assistance)

Main indications

 
 
 

Complete articular fracture with significant articular deformity and joint incongruity, unstable after reduction

Contraindications

  • Extensive joint surface damage, nonreconstructible

Advantages

  • Less invasive
  • Anatomical reconstruction
  • Early active motion

Disadvantages

  • Risk of avascular necrosis
  • Arthrosis

Complete articular fracture with significant articular deformity and joint incongruity, unstable after reduction

Contraindications

  • Extensive joint surface damage, nonreconstructible

Advantages

  • Less invasive
  • Anatomical reconstruction
  • Early active motion

Disadvantages

  • Risk of avascular necrosis
  • Arthrosis

Plating

Main indications

 
 
 

Complete articular fracture with significant articular deformity and joint incongruity, simple complete articular fractures with large enough fragments, unstable after reduction

Contraindications

  • Severe soft-tissue compromise
  • Nonreconstructible fracture

Advantages

  • Anatomical reconstruction
  • Avoiding conflicts with soft tissues and ligaments using anatomically specific implants
  • Early active motion

Disadvantages

  • More invasive

Complete articular fracture with significant articular deformity and joint incongruity, simple complete articular fractures with large enough fragments, unstable after reduction

Contraindications

  • Severe soft-tissue compromise
  • Nonreconstructible fracture

Advantages

  • Anatomical reconstruction
  • Avoiding conflicts with soft tissues and ligaments using anatomically specific implants
  • Early active motion

Disadvantages

  • More invasive

Lag-screw fixation with a neutralization plate

Main indications

 
 
 

Partial articular fracture with subluxation of the carpometacarpal joint, significant angular or rotational deformity

Further indications

  • Poor bone quality
  • Screw fixation alone providing not enough stability

Contraindications

  • Severe compromise of soft tissue
  • Nonreconstructible fracture

Advantages

  • Anatomical reconstruction
  • Early active motion

Disadvantages

  • More invasive

Partial articular fracture with subluxation of the carpometacarpal joint, significant angular or rotational deformity

Further indications

  • Poor bone quality
  • Screw fixation alone providing not enough stability

Contraindications

  • Severe compromise of soft tissue
  • Nonreconstructible fracture

Advantages

  • Anatomical reconstruction
  • Early active motion

Disadvantages

  • More invasive