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Authors of section

Authors

Peter V Giannoudis, Hans Christoph Pape, Michael Schütz

Executive Editors

Chris Colton, Rick Buckley

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Femur shaft

Simple fractures

Simple

Spiral

Open subtypes (3)
Simple

Proximal 1/3

Simple spiral fractures in the proximal third of the femoral shaft are classified as 32A1(a) fractures.
Simple

Middle 1/3

Simple spiral fractures in the middle zone of the femoral shaft are classified as 32A1(b) fractures.
Simple

Distal 1/3

Simple spiral fractures in the distal third of the femoral shaft are classified as 32A1(c) fractures.
Oblique

Oblique (≥30°)

Open subtypes (3)
Oblique

Proximal 1/3

Simple oblique fractures in the proximal third of the femoral shaft are classified as 32A2(a) fractures.
Oblique

Middle 1/3

Simple oblique fractures in the mid third of the femoral shaft are classified as 32A2(b) fractures.
Oblique

Distal 1/3

Simple oblique fractures in the distal zone of the femoral shaft are classified as 32A2(c) fractures.
Transverse

Transverse (<30°)

Open subtypes (3)
Transverse

Proximal 1/3

Simple transverse fractures in the proximal third of the femoral shaft are classified as 32A3(a) fractures.
Transverse

Middle 1/3

Simple transverse fractures in the mid third of the femoral shaft are classified as 32A3(b) fractures.
Transverse

Distal 1/3

Simple transverse fractures in the distal zone of the femoral shaft are classified as 32A3(c) fractures.

Wedge fractures

Intact

Intact

Open subtypes (3)
Intact

Proximal 1/3

Intact wedge fractures in the proximal third of the femoral shaft are classified as 32B2(a) fractures.
Intact

Middle 1/3

Intact wedge fractures in the middle third of the femoral shaft are classified as 32B2(b) fractures.
Intact

Distal 1/3

Intact wedge fractures in the distal third of the femoral shaft are classified as 32B2(c) fractures.
fragmentary

Fragmentary

Open subtypes (3)
fragmentary

Proximal 1/3

Fragmentary wedge fractures in the proximal third of the femoral shaft are classified as 32B3(a) fractures.
fragmentary

Middle 1/3

Fragmentary wedge fractures in the middle third of the femoral shaft are classified as 32B3(b) fractures.
fragmentary

Distal 1/3

Fragmentary wedge fractures in the distal third of the femoral shaft are classified as 32B3(c) fractures.

Multifragmentary fractures

Intact

Intact segmental

Open subtypes (3)
Intact

Proximal 1/3

Intact segmental fractures of the proximal diaphyeal-meatphyseal femoral shaft are classified as 32C2(i) fractures.
Intact

Middle 1/3

Intact segmental fractures of the pure diaphyseal femoral shaft are classified as 32C2(j) fractures.
Intact

Distal 1/3

Intact segmental fractures of the distal diaphyeal-meatphyseal femoral shaft are classified as 32C2(k) fractures.
Fragmentary

Fragmentary segmental

Open subtypes (3)
Fragmentary

Proximal 1/3

Multifragmentary segmental fractures of the proximal diaphyseal-metaphyseal femoral shaft are classified as 32C3(i) fractures.
Fragmentary

Middle 1/3

Multifragmentary segmental fractures of the pure diaphyseal femoral shaft are classified as 32C3(j) fractures.
Fragmentary

Distal 1/3

Multifragmentary segmental fractures of the distal diaphyeal-meatphyseal femoral shaft are classified as 32C3(k) fractures.