Traumatic brain injury/Vascular injury

The most typical traumatic brain injury associated with head trauma are:

• Brain contusion (BC)
• Brain laceration
• Brain swelling
• Intraparenchymal hematoma (ICH)
• Subarachnoid hematoma (SAH)
• Intraventricular hematoma
• Subdural hematoma (SDH)
• Epidural hematoma (EDH)
• Diffuse axonal injury

A late complication can be brain infection/abscess/ hydrocephalus/posttraumatic seizures.

The most typical vascular injuries associated to head trauma are:

• Traumatic aneurysms
• Posttraumatic (arteriovenous) AV fistulas (very seldom arterial, in general of venous sinuses such as superior sagittal sinus or lateral sinuses)
• Carotid-cavernous fistula (CCF)

For such conditions computer tomography in combination with computer tomographic angiography (CTA) or cerebral angiograms are required.