Direct trauma to the first metatarsal head with the hallux in dorsiflexion or direct crush injury.
Conventional radiographs of the foot. AP and lateral oblique views are sufficient for diagnosis and treatment.
Look for damage to the plantar plate by assessing sesamoid position on an AP radiograph. Check whether they are spread apart or not.
The clinical picture includes swelling, ecchymosis, and pain with range of motion of the first MTP joint. The fracture may present with or without deformity.